Существует убеждение, что электронные сигареты менее вредны, чем обычные, и это здоровая альтернатива курению табака. Однако, это не так. На сегодняшний день достоверно определены негативные последствия курения электронных сигарет.

Аэрозоли электронных сигарет содержат высоко­токсичный никотин и другие химические токси­ны и канцерогены (например, карболовые соединения, тяжелые металлы, такие как олово, медь, хром и никель). При этом состав жидкостей для электрон­ных сигарет не регулируется никакими стандар­тами. Заявленное на упаковке содержание никотина и других химических веществ часто не совпадает с фактическим составом жидко­сти.

Принцип работы электронных сигарет основан на нагревании жидкости и ее превращении в пар для выдыхания. Никотин никуда не исчезает, продолжая обрекать человека на наркотическую зависимость. Однако производители продолжают утверждать, что парение менее вредно, чем классическое курение. Но, это мнение ошибочное. В жидкость для вейпов добавляют специальные растворители, чтобы смесь «правильно» испарялась. В качестве них могут использоваться глицерин, пропиленгликоль, масляный раствор витамина E и другие добавки. При нагревании эти химикаты должны превращаться в аэрозоль, однако часть попадает в лёгкие в виде капель и оседает там.

Попадание масла в лёгкие очень опасно для здоровья и может привести к смерти. Когда человек вдыхает масло, лёгкие воспринимают его капли, как инородный объект и выдают иммунный ответ. Он приводит к воспалению и опасному накоплению жидкости в лёгких, что приводит к так называемой липоидной пневмонии.

Также содержащийся в жид­кости для заправки электронных сигарет сульфат никотина — мощный нейротоксин, который ранее использовался для травления насекомых, но был запрещен из-за высокой токсичности. При попадании в организм через кожу или желудок он способен вызвать тяжелые отравления вплоть до смертельного исхода.

EVALI – новая болезнь вейперов

EVALI – поражение легких, связанное с потреблением вейпов и электронных сигарет. Данное заболевание, как и термин зародилось в США, где зафиксирована высокая распространенность вейпинга среди подростков и молодежи.

В основе развития EVALI лежит острое повреждение легких. Врачи указывают на большое сходство данного заболевания с острой двусторонней пневмонией.

Симптомы EVALI

1. Повышение температуры, озноб и резкая потеря в весе. Данные симптомы встречаются у 85 % заболевших.

2. Одышка, боли в груди, кашель – встречается у 95% больных.

3. Проявление болезни желудочно – кишечного тракта (вплоть до рвоты и диареи, сильные боли в животе) – у 77% заболевших.

4. Тахикардия (учащенное сердцебиение) встречается больше, чем у половины больных – 55%.

5. При насыщении артериальной крови кислородом выявляется гипоксия.

6. Анализ крови показывает повышенное содержание лейкоцитов.

Пациенты с EVALI в большинстве случаев болезни попадают в отделения реанимации и нуждаются в искусственной вентиляции легких. Часто встречаются летальные исходы. В США средний возраст этих пациентов был не больше 20 лет.

 

Пресс служба ГБУ РС(Я) “РЦОЗиМП”.

От admin

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