Статьей 31 Конституции Российской Федерации предусмотрено право граждан Российской Федерации собираться мирно, без оружия, проводить собрания, митинги и демонстрации, шествия и пикетирование.

Федеральным законом от 19.06.2004 № 54-ФЗ «О собраниях, митингах, демонстрациях, шествиях и пикетированиях» определен порядок организации и проведения публичного мероприятия; гарантии реализации гражданами права на проведение публичного мероприятия.

Организатором публичного мероприятия могут быть один или несколько граждан Российской Федерации, достигшие 18 лет для демонстраций, шествий, пикетирований и 16 лет для митингов и собраний.

Организатор публичного мероприятия обязан в письменной форме подать в орган исполнительной власти субъекта Российской Федерации или орган местного самоуправления уведомление о проведении публичного мероприятия в срок не ранее 15 и не позднее 10 дней до дня проведения публичного мероприятия. В городе Якутске функции уполномоченного органа по рассмотрению и согласованию уведомлений о проведении публичного мероприятия на площади Ленина и Комсомольской площади осуществляет Управление делами Главы Республики Саха (Якутия) и Правительства Республики Саха (Якутия), остальные Окружная администрация города Якутска.

Публичное мероприятие может проводиться в любых пригодных для целей мероприятия местах в случае, если его проведение не создает угрозы обрушения зданий и сооружений или иной угрозы безопасности участников данного публичного мероприятия.

Время проведения публичного мероприятия – не ранее 7 часов и не позднее 22 часов текущего дня по местному времени, за исключением публичных мероприятий, посвященных памятным датам России, публичных мероприятий культурного содержания.

Нарушение установленного порядка организации либо проведения собрания, митинга, демонстрации, шествия или пикетирования влечет административную ответственность, предусмотренную ст. 20.2 Кодекса Российской Федерации об административных правонарушениях (далее – КоАП РФ).

Участие граждан в несанкционированных собрании, митинге, демонстрации, шествии или пикетировании, повлекших создание помех функционированию объектов жизнеобеспечения, транспортной или социальной инфраструктуры, связи, движению пешеходов и (или) транспортных средств либо доступу граждан к жилым помещениям или объектам транспортной инфраструктуры, является административным правонарушением, предусмотренным ч. 6.1 ст. 20.2 КоАП РФ, и предусматривает наказание, в том числе в виде штрафа от 10 до 20 тысяч рублей, обязательные работы на срок до 100 часов или административный арест сроком на 15 суток.

Частью 5 ст. 20.2 КоАП РФ предусмотрена ответственность за нарушение участником публичного мероприятия порядка проведения собрания, митинга, демонстрации, шествия или пикетирования, которое может быть выражено в невыполнении законных требований организатора публичного мероприятия, сотрудников органов внутренних дел, войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации. Лицу, совершившему данное правонарушение может быть назначено наказание в виде административного штрафа в размере от 10 тысяч до 20 тысяч рублей или обязательных работ на срок до 40 часов.

Кроме того, статьей 212.1 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации установлена ответственность за неоднократное нарушение установленного порядка организации либо проведения собрания, митинга, демонстрации, шествия или пикетирования.
Неоднократность образует нарушение установленного порядка организации либо проведения собрания, митинга, демонстрации, шествия или пикетирования, если лицо ранее привлекалось к административной ответственности за совершение административных правонарушений, предусмотренных ст. 20.2 КоАП РФ, более двух раз в течение ста восьмидесяти дней.

Санкция статьи предусматривает уголовное наказание в виде штрафа в размере от шестисот тысяч до одного миллиона рублей или в размере заработной платы или иного дохода осужденного за период от двух до трех лет, либо обязательными работами на срок до четырехсот восьмидесяти часов, либо исправительными работами на срок от одного года до двух лет, либо принудительными работами на срок от пяти лет, либо лишением свободы на тот же срок.

Министерство по делам молодежи и социальным коммуникациям Республики Саха (Якутия)

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