Инфекции, передаваемые половым путем (ИППП) – одна из серьезных социально-медицинских и психологических проблем современности. Их значение определяется большой распространенностью и опасностью для общества. Они несут тяжелые последствия для здоровья заболевших, оказывают пагубное влияние на воспроизводство потомства, сопровождаются значительными затратами на диагностику, лечение и реабилитацию больных.
Что такое ИППП, и почему о них необходимо знать?
Инфекции, передаваемые половым путем (ИППП), – это заболевания, передаваемые преимущественно во время полового контакта. Как ни неприятно говорить на эту тему, об ИППП необходимо знать: ведь случиться может всякое. Даже если информация об ИППП лично вам не пригодится, вы будете чувствовать себя спокойнее и увереннее и сможете дать полезный совет друзьям и близким.
Как передаются ИППП?
Большинство ИППП передаются посредством полового контакта и через кровь (в основном через загрязненные иглы и шприцы). Но сифилис, герпетическая, цитомегаловирусная и папилломовирусная инфекции могут передаваться также посредством тесного контакта «кожа к коже» и через поцелуи. Нельзя заразиться ИППП через рукопожатие, в бане или бассейне, берясь за ручки и поручни в общественных местах, пользуясь общей с зараженным человеком посудой.
Каковы симптомы ИППП?
■ Наиболее распространенными симптомами ИППП у мужчин являются: белые или желтые выделения из полового органа; боль и жжение при мочеиспускании; язвы, пузырьки или бородавки на половом органе, коже промежности или на других частях тела.
■ Наиболее распространенными симптомами ИППП у женщин являются: необычные выделения из влагалища с запахом или без него; зуд и раздражение влагалища; язвочки, пузырьки, бородавки во влагалище или вокруг него, а также различные формы высыпаний на коже промежности и на других частях тела; болезненность при половом акте или мочеиспускании; боль в нижней части живота.
■ Иногда ИППП не сопровождаются никакими симптомами. Если у вашего партнера ИППП, вы также можете быть заражены, даже если у вас нет никаких симптомов. У людей, зараженных ВИЧ, в течение долгого времени отсутствуют какие-либо проявления болезни.
Каковы последствия ИППП?
ИППП могут вызывать очень серьезные последствия для здоровья. У женщин неизлеченные ИППП могут привести к возникновению хронических заболеваний, бесплодию и внематочной беременности, у мужчин – к бесплодию и различным хроническим заболеваниям (например, простатиту).
Излечимы ли ИППП?
Большинство наиболее распространенных ИППП излечимы. Существуют эффективные средства и методы лечения гонореи, сифилиса, хламидиоза и многих других инфекций. Но несколько ИППП – цитомегаловирусная, герпетическая, папилломовирусная инфекции, гепатит В и ВИЧ-инфекция – неизлечимы. Однако это вовсе не означает, что современная медицина не в состоянии помочь! Если вы обратитесь к врачу на ранней стадии заболевания и пройдете, соответствующий курс лечения, то сможете добиться длительных периодов без симптомов. Специалист подскажет, как жить полноценной жизнью, не подвергая риску близких вам людей.
Что вы должны делать, если заразились ИППП?
Если у вас возникло подозрение, что вы заражены ИППП, не впадайте в панику, не занимайтесь самолечением и как можно скорее обратитесь к квалифицированному врачу. Затем:
- Лечите инфекцию:После установления диагноза выполняйте все предписания врача и продолжайте принимать лекарства, даже если симптомы исчезли и вы почувствовали себя лучше. Если вы не долечитесь, симптомы могут повториться.
- Не распространяйте ИППП:Исключите половые контакты до тех пор, пока не проведете полный курс лечения. Иначе вы сможете передать ИППП своему партнеру и затем повторно заразиться от него. Если половых контактов избежать не удается, каждый раз обязательно используйте презерватив.
- Помогите своему партнеру в лечении:Порой очень трудно начать разговор об этом но, тем не менее, нужно сказать ему о необходимости обращения к врачу и лечения. Можно привести партнера к своему врачу.
- Вернитесь к врачу, чтобы убедиться в своем окончательном выздоровлении:Если окажется, что вы выздоровели не до конца, вам могут назначить дополнительный курс лечения.
Что вам необходимо знать о влиянии ИППП на протекание беременности, деторождения и грудного вскармливания?
Беременная женщина может передать большинство ИППП своим детям во время беременности или родов. Некоторые заболевания могут передаваться с грудным молоком (например, ВИЧ-инфекция). Однако вероятность передачи инфекции будущему ребенку можно резко уменьшить, если вовремя начать лечение.
Наличие ИППП у беременной женщины может причинить серьезный вред плоду. Неизлеченные инфекции способны привести к выкидышу, преждевременным родам, мертворождению, рождению младенца с дефицитом веса, слепотой, потерей слуха, хроническими респираторными заболеваниями, умственной отсталостью и другими серьезными проблемами в развитии. Неизлеченный сифилис может привести к появлению на свет ребенка с врожденным сифилисом.
Защитите своего ребенка. Как только вы примете решение забеременеть, посетите врача и убедитесь в том, что ни у вас, ни у вашего партнера нет ИППП. Если вы все же инфицированы, пройдите курс лечения и снова сдайте анализы перед тем как забеременеть. Если вы уже беременны, вам необходимо встать на учет в своей женской консультации и пройти полное обследование. В любой период беременности или родов обязательно скажите своему врачу о том, что заметили у себя те или иные симптомы ИППП или подозреваете, что могли заразиться.
Как предотвратить заражение ИППП?
Во время любых видов половых контактов безопаснее пользоваться презервативом. Современные презервативы производятся из латекса, который отличается от обычной резины особой тонкостью и прочностью.
Лучший способ предотвращения ИППП сексуальные отношения только с одним партнером, который здоров и верен вам.
Ваше будущее и будущее Ваших детей – в Ваших руках!
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